Drinking Water Pipe Installation Process and Precautions

Common Drinking Water Pipe Materials

Several types of pipe materials are widely used in modern water supply systems:

1. PVC-U (Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride) Pipes

Widely used for cold water supply.

Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, smooth internal surface to reduce friction loss.

Typically not recommended for hot water applications due to limited temperature tolerance.

2. PPR (Polypropylene Random Copolymer) Pipes

Suitable for both hot and cold water supply.

High thermal stability, corrosion resistance, long service life.

Can withstand temperatures up to 95°C, making them ideal for domestic hot water.

3. PEX / PEXC (Cross-Linked Polyethylene) Pipes

Flexible and easy to install, suitable for hot and cold water.

Resistant to scale and corrosion, can tolerate high temperatures.

4. Copper Pipes

Durable and corrosion-resistant, traditionally used for hot water.

More expensive, heavier, and requires skilled installation (soldering).

5. Galvanized Steel Pipes

Less common now due to scaling and corrosion issues.

Mostly used in older buildings.

Can PVC-U Pipes Be Used as Hot Water Pipes Instead of PPR?

PVC-U pipes are primarily designed for cold water supply. Using them as hot water pipes is not recommended because:

PVC-U softens and deforms at temperatures above 45–50°C.

Long-term exposure to hot water can reduce mechanical strength and cause leakage.

PPR pipes or PEX pipes are better choices for hot water, as they are designed to withstand high temperatures and pressure.

In contrast, PPR pipes can safely carry hot water up to 95°C and maintain long-term durability without deformation.

PPR Pipe Characteristics and Advantages

PPR pipes are widely used in modern plumbing systems due to their favorable properties:

1. Thermal Resistance

Can handle hot water up to 95°C and cold water down to -40°C.

2. Corrosion Resistance

Resistant to chemical reactions, scale, and microbial growth.

3. Long Service Life

Typically exceeds 50 years under normal operating conditions.

4. Ease of Installation

Lightweight and joined using heat fusion, forming leak-proof connections.

5. Low Maintenance

Smooth internal surface reduces scale formation and energy loss.

Hot and Cold Water Pipe Installation Process

The installation process varies slightly depending on the pipe material, but generally follows these steps:

Step 1: Planning and Measurement

Determine water supply points and pipe routing.

Measure pipe lengths and plan for bends, elbows, and fittings.

Avoid sharp angles and long unsupported sections.

Step 2: Cutting and Preparation

Use appropriate pipe cutters for clean, straight cuts.

Remove burrs or rough edges to prevent damage to fittings and joints.

For PPR, clean pipe ends before fusion.

Step 3: Joining Pipes

PPR Pipes: Heat fusion using a fusion machine to create a strong, leak-proof joint.

PVC-U Pipes: Solvent cement or adhesive is used for cold water systems.

PEX Pipes: Use compression or crimp fittings for connections.

Step 4: Fixing and Supporting Pipes

Install pipe clamps and supports at recommended intervals to prevent sagging.

Avoid over-tightening, which may deform pipes.

Allow for thermal expansion, especially for hot water pipes.

Step 5: Pressure Testing

Conduct hydrostatic tests at recommended pressure (typically 1.5–2 times working pressure).

Check all joints and fittings for leaks.

Only commission the system after successful testing.

Installation Precautions

1. Avoid Direct Sunlight

Some plastic pipes degrade under prolonged UV exposure.

Use protective coatings or insulation for outdoor sections.

2. Temperature and Pressure Compliance

Ensure pipes are suitable for the intended temperature and pressure.

Avoid exceeding manufacturer specifications.

3. Proper Bending Radius

Maintain minimum bending radius to prevent kinking or cracking.

Use fittings instead of sharp bends when necessary.

4. Cleanliness

Keep pipe interiors clean during installation.

Flush system after installation before commissioning.

5. Avoid Mechanical Damage

Protect pipes from sharp objects, heavy loads, or tools.

Insulate or pad areas where pipes contact concrete or metal.

6. Insulation

Hot water pipes should be insulated to reduce heat loss.

Cold water pipes may require insulation to prevent condensation.

7. Compliance with Standards

Follow local plumbing codes and manufacturer instructions.

Ensure joints and fittings are certified for potable water use.

Proper selection of pipe materials, adherence to installation procedures, and careful attention to precautions are essential for a safe and reliable drinking water system.

PVC-U pipes are ideal for cold water supply but not recommended for hot water.

PPR pipes are versatile for both hot and cold water due to their thermal and chemical resistance.

Correct installation practices, including proper cutting, joining, support, and testing, ensure the longevity and efficiency of the system.